Posts tagged with Noynoy Aquino

It has been two days, but I still feel the need to post this belated entry about the 25th anniversary of the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution.

One thing that is apparent in the public opinion is either disinterest, especially among the youth many of whom had not been born during those times (watch this video of the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism to see how random ordinary students fared when asked about the 1986 Revolution) or disillusionment. The disappointment is real because indeed, the socio-economic and political conditions that spawned the uprising is the same. Twenty-five years later, we are almost no better than we were before (of course, I’m not saying this as a matter of experience, having been born after 1986).

Another thing that is readily apparent in all the government-sponsored revelries is the malicious and conscious effort of the ruling class to reduce the commemoration of the revolution into a middle class pageantry instead of recognizing the militant and collective execution of the uprising causing the overthrow of the dictator. In all irony, the message of the government in all the Presiden’t speeches and the mainstream mass media in many of their news stories is that there is no need for another popular uprising, and that the very acts that constituted the revolution, the militant and collective mobilizations of citizens into the streets, are now irrelevant. The revolution for social change, according to them, can now be executed through the government and through charity and tamed voluntary work.

Tonyo Cruz in his article at the Asian Correspondents made a similar observation.

The traditional politicians know People Power is a most potent tool in the people’s arsenal, along with strikes, boycotts, demonstrations and other mass actions. That is why they routinely tell us that People Power is passe, archaic, outdated. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo had every reason to berate People Power. She knew full well that she was a legitimate target, considering the level of hatred her misrule had inspired among the public.

…The traditional political elite and their mass media cannot even make their minds on how to tell and retell the story of EDSA and the long fight against Marcos. The focus are on icons and shrines, on names and faces of media-manufactured personalities, as if the uprising could have succeeded with only them acting by their their lonesome. The official list of state-canonized EDSA heroes is relatively short and is a continuing insult to the PEOPLE who comprised People Power from 1972 until 1986, and from 1998-2001.

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The past weeks saw various protests against the impending hikes on train fares in Metro Manila, aggravated by the simultaneous hikes in other transport services, from toll rates to taxi fares, and hikes in basic commodities, from fuel to milk, to bread. Public utilities (controlled by private companies) are also set to increase their rates in electricity and water. In the next few weeks, schools are seen to propose increases in tuition and other fees, as they do annually this time of the year. All these hikes are under the willing sanction of the government, in the name of free market dogma and hypocrisy of neoliberal economics.

On the other hand, while the government accommodates all attempts at raising prices of services and commodities, it is adamant at insisting that wage increase is untimely thereby forcing millions of Filipino families against the wall as they cope and make do with their meager wages. With rising prices of commodities and services, the cost of daily living in Metro Manila is expected to breach the P1,000.00 per family (of six) per day threshold, while the minimum wage remains stunted at P404.00, often violated by profit-hungry businesses with the exceptions granted by the government. If you’ve heard about the death of the ten construction workers in Makati, you also ought to know that they were reportedly only being paid P260.00 a day. Watch this case study made by GMA 7″²s Saksi of a gasoline boy who earns P7,700 a month but has to spend an additional P700 if the hike on train fare continues jacking up his monthly expenses to P8,800. Hindi ko alam saan niya kukunin ang kulang. Wala pa diyan ang ibang price hikes.

Notwithstanding the legitimate grievances of small and medium enterprises, big businesses controlled by multinational and local tycoons and landlords are feigning imagined and prospective losses in order to justify their unreasonable refusal to any proposal to increase wages. At the same time, however, you see them posting record profits and reporting billions of pesos in overseas investments in business papers. Government even claimed that the economy grew by more than 7% last year. Business is booming, but ah, how odd, isn’t it hunger incidence is on the rise. It is a fact, in the present order, everything is in the interest of capital, everything is laid on the altar of free market economics and profit. There’s a reason minimum wage is minimum. Workers’ share in the wealth of an industry is kept to the barest minimum, an amount enough to keep a worker in threshold of survival, just enough to make him survive a for a day to be able to go back to work the next. There’s a reason wage is called “˜sahod’ in Filipino. Sumasahod lang ang manggagawa sa kung ano nag matitirang mumo while profiteers feast on the wealth that the workers have created.

As with any situation, the government is supposed to balance the interests of all parties concerned. In this kind of situation, however, where balancing of interests will inevitably lead to the irreconcilable contradiction between public service and private profit, the choice of a genuinely pro-people government should be clear. Ordinary people have unjustly been compromised long enough.

Lt. Antonio Trillanes and Brig. General Danilo Lim addressing the media in their failed putsch against President Arroyo in 2007. (Photo not mine)

We had just taken our political law final exam last night, so I might as well write something about the amnesty granted by President Aquino to the Magdalo soliders who staged several putsches against the Arroyo administration the past years.

Amnesty is an exercise of political power. It is political in nature. It is usually granted as a blanket clemency on a certain class or group of people who committed political crimes, or crimes which are political in nature. It is inherent in any government to have the power to “forgive” political offenders and extinguish their crimes and their liabilities. It is distinguished from pardon which is usually granted to individuals for ordinary crimes and is based on the power to correct miscarriages of justice, especially to the poor and marginalized. Amnesty extinguishes the crime totally, as if the act committed was never a crime in the first place (without prejudice to civil liability for damages). Pardon, on the other hand, only extinguishes the penalty, and may be subject to conditions, but recognizes the act as a crime–which is why it is only granted to those who have been convicted by final judgment, as opposed to amnesty which can be granted to any alleged criminal during trial, as long as he confesses to the acts committed.

Here are two examples of past Presidents’ exercise of amnesty: In 1946, President Manuel Roxas granted amnesty to all post-war criminals who committed acts such as murder in furtherance of the guerilla resistance against the Japanese; in 1986, President Corazon Aquino granted amnesty to political prisoners of the Marcos regime after the latter’s overthrow. In both instances, we see the distinct political character of amnesties. They are meant to correct political injustices of previous eras.

Some people are expressing their disapproval of the amnesty grant to the Magdalo soldiers for condoning criminals and rewarding crimes. I think we have to make a distinction between condoning and rewarding ordinary crimes from extinguishing political offenses.

Amnesty does not reward criminals. The crimes rebels commit are usually against oppressive and corrupt regimes. Rebels are rebels because the prevailing government at the time says so. They are not ordinary criminals. Amnesty simply recognizes the very idea of rebellion and the inherent power of the people to rebel and resist oppression. The power to forgive political offenses must be inherent in any new government or administration to correct the political oppresion of any past dispensation.

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Congressmen against budget cuts on state universities
Last Wednesday, several congressmen appeared before the press in the House of Representatives and pledged to disapprove the proposed budget cuts on state universities and colleges (SUC’s). Kabataan Party-List had gathered more than thirty signatures of congressmen who are against the Aquino administration’s proposed budget cuts. Earlier, thousands of students walked out of their classes and protested against the impending cuts on state subsidies.

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Here are some photos from the walk-out protest of thousands of students and out of school youth last Friday, September 24, in Metro Manila in collective rejection of the Aquino administration’s proposed budget cuts on state universities and other social services.

Student protesters held a short program at historic Plaza Miranda to condemn the proposed budget cuts on state universities which would surely result in tuition and other fee increases in campuses nationwide

In a symbolic expression of outrage, student demonstrators burned an effigy of President Noynoy Aquino whom they called Noynoy the Slasher for cutting the budgets of state universities nationwide. It was the first time an effigy of the new President was burned in a protest rally during his term

Kabataan Party-List Rep. Mong Palatino and National Union of Students of the Philippines Secretary General Ipay Bolibol lead the march of the students, along with other student leaders from state universities in Metro Manila

From Plaza Miranda, the thousands of students who joined the protest marched towards Malacanang Palace through Quezon Boulevard

Thousands of students marched last Friday, September 24, from Plaza Miranda in Quiapo, Manila to Mendiola Bridge at the gates of Malacanang Palace, passing through the Quezon Boulevard Underpass

The past weeks saw pockets of protest in various parts of the country that lead to the massive walk-out of students nationwide to protest against the Aquino administration’s proposed budget cuts on state universities and other social services. The proposed budget for state universities next year is more then P400 million less than this year’s budget. When computed against a constant consumer price index and the increasing number of enrollees in state universities, next year’s state universities’ budget would be the lowest in per-student spending in state universities in more than a decade.

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Libro hindi bala! Edukasyon hindi giyera!

In my preparation of the budget briefer for state universities and colleges (SUC’s), several points have become apparent.

President Noynoy Aquino’s budget proposal for the country’s SUC’s for 2011 is nominally much lower from the budget two years ago by as much as P2 billion. Though nominally it is larger than earlier years, it is possibly the lowest in more than a decade, when computed against a constant consumer price index.

President Aquino’s proposal also reflects the lowest per-student spending on SUC’s, again when computed against a constant consumer price index.

This trend is simply a continuation of a long-standing government policy of reducing state subsidies on social services such as higher education in order to ensure debt servicing on its foreign and local creditors. This follows the neoliberal dictates of multinational financial institutions forcing governments around the world to treat higher education a service commodity that must be left alone, and thus vulnerable, to free market forces. This is the same neoliberal dogma being forced by creditors upon the throats of governments worldwide from Greece to Bangladesh to California. This neoliberal dogma challenges the long-held ideal that higher education is a public good that serves a social purpose, crucial and necessary in the development of a sovereign democratic society.

What does the budget cuts mean? Corollary to budget cuts on state universities are tuition and other fee increases in campuses nationwide. In the context of the Philippines where a third of the population live on less than P100 a day, this neoliberal policy on higher education reinforces the tragic social and economic conditions of many Filipinos by depriving them of their right to higher education.

Protest actions have been set these days leading up to September 24, Friday next week, when thousands of students and out-of-school youth are expected to walk out and march to the gates of Malacanang to demand for greater state subsidy for education. Let us collectively reject the budget cuts on state universities and colleges, and on other social services!

President Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino III (photo from www.gov.ph)

The Aquino Administration submitted its budget proposal for 2011 to Congress this week. It is through the budget where one can see the priorities of the government, in how much it intends to spend on various programs of government. For 2011, the government under the Aquino administration intends to spend P1.645 trillion.

In his budget message, the President claimed that the spending proposal of the government for next year is anchored on “reform”. The budget claims to have a “bias to the poor and the vulnerable”. However, right at the onset, it is still oriented towards severe austerity, masked with the euphemism “fiscal responsibility,” a government spending orientation that has been the standard policy for decades. It is a policy intended not to simply ensure that the “meager resources” of the government are spent wisely for the people, to ensure that the government is able to pay its foreign and local creditors its monstrous, anomalous and scandalous debt.

Just to show you how scandalous and hypocritical the government’s budget orientation is, the Aquino Administration proposes to pay foreign creditors and financial institutions a whopping P823.27 billion next year (P357.09 billion in interest payments, P466.18 billion in principal amortization not formally included in the P1.645 trillion total budget). According to the initial budget analysis and report of IBON Foundation, the increase in interest payments alone “is the largest absolute increase in interest payments in the country’s history and, at a 29.2% increase from the year before, is the second largest percentage increase after the 32.6% growth in 2000.”

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More than two hundred youths from different universities and communities in Metro Manila marched yesterday, June 15, 2010, to the gates of Malacanang to protest the worsening crisis in education

Yesterday was the first day of classes for most schools, colleges and universities in the country. As millions flocked to their respective campuses, more than 8 million of our fellow Filipino youths and children will not even get to step inside a classroom. This marks one of the highest number of out-of-school youth in our nation’s modern history.

In Gloria Arroyo’s nine years in office, the nation has experienced budget cuts in education, tuition and other fee increases left and right and as mentioned, the highest out-of-school and drop-out rates in years.

Despite the constitutional guarantee that education is a right of each and every Filipino, going to school has increasingly been such a financial burden to millions of Filipino families, if they can get in a school at all. Even public elementary and high schools, with up to 61,343 in classroom shortage and 54,060 in teacher shortage, cannot accommodate all Filipino children, nor can they provide the kind and quality of education needed for national development. The Department of Education itself declared that there are as many as 5.6 million out-of-school children.

The students were able to squeeze past through the barbed wire barricades of Mendiola and march to Gate 7 of the Presidential Palace

The nation’s public universities, on the other hand, has been suffering budget cuts almost every year forcing them to extract tuition and other fees from their students and forcing them to sell resources which would otherwise have served their constituents. The Philippines actually has the lowest percentage of youths studying in state universities. In other countries, state universities and colleges accommodate majority of college-age youths. In the Philippines, we force them to either enroll in private institutions with steep tuition rates, or to not enter college at all.

While our parents’ wages have been stunted for decades, the government has allowed tuition rates in private schools and public universities to escalate. It has in fact almost doubled since Gloria Arroyo became President. In 2001, the national average cost per unit in colleges and universities was at P257.41. In 2010, it has almost doubled to P501.22. In Metro Manila where most of the country’s colleges and universities are located, it is worse. From P439.59 per unit in 2001 it has ballooned to P980.54 per unit in 2010. These don’t even take into account the long list miscellaneous fees being implemented by schools, which hide the real cost of education.

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“Hindi kailangang sulsulan para mag-welga ang sinumang binibigyan lamang ng P9.50 isang araw bilang sahod sa maghapong paggawa.”